Steel casting is a specialized form of casting involving various types of steel. Steel castings are used when cast irons cannot deliver enough strength or shock resistance.[1]
Examples of items that are steel castings include: hydroelectric turbine wheels, forging presses, gears, railroad truck frames, valve bodies, pump casings, mining machinery, marine equipment, and engine casings.[1]
Steel castings are categorized into two general groups: carbon steels and alloy steels.[1]
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Alloy steel castings are broken down into two categories: low-alloy steels and high-alloy steels.[2] Low-alloy steels contain less than 8% alloying content and high-alloy steels have 8% or more.[2]
This is a table of some steel casting alloys:
Grade | Nominal alloy composition [%wt] | Tensile strength, minimum | 0.2% Yield strength, minimum | % Elongation in 2 in., minimum | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | |||
HC | 28 Cr | 55 | 380 | - | - | - |
HD | 28 Cr, 5 Ni | 75 | 515 | 35 | 240 | 8 |
HF | 19 Cr, 9 Ni | 70 | 485 | 35 | 240 | 25 |
HH | 25 Cr, 12 Ni | 75 | 515 | 35 | 240 | 10 |
HI | 28 Cr, 15 Ni | 70 | 485 | 35 | 240 | 10 |
HK | 25 Cr, 20 Ni | 65 | 450 | 35 | 240 | 10 |
HL | 29 Cr, 20 Ni | 65 | 450 | 35 | 240 | 10 |
HN | 20 Cr, 25 Ni | 63 | 435 | - | - | 8 |
HP | 26 Cr, 35 Ni | 62.5 | 430 | 34 | 235 | 4.5 |
HT | 15 Cr, 35 Ni | 65 | 450 | - | - | 4 |
HU | 19 Cr, 39 Ni | 65 | 450 | - | - | 4 |
HW | 12 Cr, 60 Ni | 60 | 415 | - | - | - |
HX | 17 Cr, 66 Ni | 60 | 415 | - | - | - |
Grade | Nominal alloy composition [%wt] | Tensile strength, minimum | 0.2% Yield strength, minimum | % Elongation in 2 in., minimum | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | |||
CF-8 | 9 Cr, 9 Ni | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 35 |
CG-12 | 22 Cr, 12 Ni | 70 | 485 | 28 | 195 | 35 |
CF-20 | 19 Cr, 9 Ni | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 30 |
CF-8M | 19 Cr, 10 Ni, with Mo | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 30 |
CF-8C | 19 Cr, 10 Ni, with Nb | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 30 |
CF-16 & CF-16Fa | 19 Cr, 9 Ni, free machining | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 25 |
CH-10 & CH-20 | 25 Cr, 12 Ni | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 30 |
CK-20 | 25 Cr, 20 Ni | 65 | 450 | 28 | 195 | 30 |
CE-30 | 29 Cr, 9 Ni | 80 | 550 | 40 | 275 | 10 |
CA-15 & CA-15M | 12 Cr | 90 | 620 | 65 | 450 | 18 |
CB-30 | 20 Cr | 65 | 450 | 30 | 205 | - |
CC-50 | 28 Cr | 55 | 380 | - | - | - |
CA-40 | 12 Cr | 100 | 690 | 70 | 485 | 15 |
CF-3 | 19 Cr, 9 Ni | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 35 |
CF-3M | 19 Cr, 10 Ni, with Mo | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 30 |
CG6MMN | Cr-Ni-Mn-Mo | 75 | 515 | 35 | 240 | 30 |
CG-8M | 19 Cr, 11 Ni, with Mo | 75 | 520 | 35 | 240 | 25 |
CN-7M | 20 Cr, 29 Ni, with Co & Mo | 62 | 425 | 25 | 170 | 35 |
CN-7MS | 19 Cr, 24 Ni, with Co & Mo | 70 | 485 | 30 | 205 | 35 |
CW-12M | Ni, Mo & Cr | 72 | 495 | 46 | 315 | 4 |
CY-40 | Ni, Cr & Fe | 70 | 485 | 28 | 195 | 30 |
CA-6NM | 12 Cr, 4 Ni | 110 | 775 | 80 | 550 | 15 |
CD-4MCu | 25 Cr, 5 Ni, 3 Cu, 2 Mo | 100 | 690 | 70 | 485 | 16 |
CA-6N | 11 Cr, 7 Ni | 140 | 965 | 135 | 930 | 15 |